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Hybrid HHL++ for portfolio optimization

Adapt the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) quantum linear-systems algorithm, most of whose components current noisy quantum hardware cannot reach, into a form that near-term devices can actually execute, and demonstrate it on an application.

Attested & literatureUpdated

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  • Record typeLiterature reference
  • Reference implementationhybrid_hhl_for_portfolio_optimization
  • Reported costNot stated by the sources read
  • Papers1

A part this method uses, worked through

This page says phase estimation — here is a concrete, runnable instance of it.

Phase estimation of P(3*pi/4)

3 counting qubits estimating the phase of P(3π/4), which is 2π·3/8 exactly: a phase 3-bit QPE can represent exactly.

q0q1q2q3XHadamard layer(3)Controlled phase powers(3)QFT inverse(3)

Where it ends up

  • 1011100%

The counting register reads 011 = 3 with probability 1: angle/(2π) = 3/8, recovered exactly.

One of its steps changes only phase: the outcome probabilities stay put while the state does not.

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Where this sits

This record is named by the layer graph at:

  • HHL: eigenvalue inversion by phase estimation Method

    Takes An access model for AA — sparse row/column entry oracles, or a block-encoding; a unitary preparing ∣b⟩\lvert b\rangle; a known upper bound κ\kappa on the condition number; the normalisation ∥A∥≤1\lVert A\rVert \le 1; and a target state error ε\varepsilon. Returns A flagged state ε\varepsilon-close in ℓ2\ell_2 to A−1∣b⟩/∥A−1∣b⟩∥A^{-1}\lvert b\rangle/\lVert A^{-1}\lvert b\rangle\rVert. It does not return ∥x∥\lVert x\rVert, any entry of xx, or any classical functional of xx — those cost extra and are decided a layer above.

Related entries

References

  • Solving Linear Systems on Quantum Hardware with Hybrid HHL++

    Romina Yalovetzky, Pierre Minssen, Dylan Herman, Marco Pistoia · 2021

    Primary source: it proposes the two modifications, the scaling-factor algorithm and the circuit-compression heuristic, that define Hybrid HHL++ on top of the Hybrid HHL algorithm of Lee and colleagues, and it reports running the modified algorithm on Quantinuum System Model H-series trapped-ion hardware to solve small-scale portfolio-optimization instances, calling this the largest experimental demonstration of HHL for an application to date. Consult it for how the scaling-factor algorithm and the compression heuristic actually work, for the size and structure of the portfolio-optimization instances solved, and for any complexity or resource analysis, none of which the abstract states.

Attested & literature
  • Peer-reviewed paper
Method
Curation only. This record documents the algorithm a published reference implementation demonstrates, not the demonstration itself: nothing in Leona runs Qmod. The primary reference's title, authors and submission year were read from its arXiv abs page, and the complexity claim taken from a clause of that paper's abstract (The abstract of arXiv:2110.15958, the only source read for this record, states no complexity bound: no big-O expression, no run time, no qubit or gate count, and no scaling with the size of the linear system, the condition number, or any error parameter. What it states is a design contribution — "we propose two modifications to the Hybrid HHL algorithm proposed by Lee etal. leading to our algorithm Hybrid HHL++" — namely "a novel algorithm for determining a scaling factor for the linear system matrix that maximizes the utility of the amount of ancillary qubits allocated to the phase estimation component of HHL" and "a heuristic for compressing the HHL circuit" — and a hardware claim: "We demonstrate the efficacy of our work by running our modified Hybrid HHL on Quantinuum System Model H-series trapped-ion quantum computers to solve different problem instances of small-scale portfolio optimization problems, leading to the largest experimental demonstrations of HHL for an application to date." The demonstration this record covers states no complexity bound of its own. The field is therefore left empty on purpose rather than filled with a bound written from memory.). No circuit was constructed, simulated or run.
Result
Pass · the record's problem statement and primary reference agree with the sources named above.
Caveat
This is a literature record. No circuit was built, compiled, simulated or run for it; no linear system was solved, no scaling factor was computed, and no circuit-compression heuristic was applied here. The record documents the algorithm the abstract describes and does not reproduce or verify the paper's own hardware demonstration. The demonstration this record covers is not described further here: nothing about its files' contents was read for this record. The abstract states no complexity bound of any kind for Hybrid HHL++: no big-O expression, no run time, no qubit or gate count, and no dependence on the size of the linear system, the condition number, or any error parameter. What it states instead is a pair of design contributions — a method for choosing a scaling factor for the linear-system matrix, and a heuristic for compressing the HHL circuit — and a hardware result: the modified algorithm was run on Quantinuum System Model H-series trapped-ion quantum computers on different instances of small-scale portfolio-optimization problems. That hardware run is the paper's own reported result, at the scale it reports, and it was not repeated, re-run, or checked for this record; nothing here says what small-scale means in qubit count, circuit depth, or problem size, and nothing here evaluates the result against any later hardware or any later version of the paper. The claim that this is the largest experimental demonstration of HHL for an application to date is the paper's own comparison against the state of the art it knew of at the time, not a proven or independently checked ranking, and this record makes no claim about what has been demonstrated since. The abstract also builds on the Hybrid HHL algorithm proposed by Lee and colleagues without describing that prior algorithm, and this record does not describe or evaluate it either; nor does the abstract detail how the scaling-factor algorithm or the compression heuristic work, what properties they preserve, or what they cost — those specifics are in the paper, not here.
Solving Linear Systems on Quantum Hardware with Hybrid HHL++ ↗
Kind
curated reference
Reviewed by
Leona Quantum curation pass
License
Citation metadata only; source publication terms apply
hhl algorithmlinear systemsportfolio optimizationhybrid quantum-classicaltrapped-ion hardware

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